High performance silicon based coatings

ABSTRACT

Provided herein is a silicon based coating formed from a mixture of constituents. The mixture comprises from about 5% (w/w of the mixture) to about 80% (w/w of the mixture) polysilazane, from about 0% (w/w of the mixture) to about 60% (w/w of the mixture) polysiloxane, and from about 8% (w/w of the mixture) to about 80% (w/w of the mixture) polysilane of a formula (R 1 R 2 Si) n , wherein n is greater than 1, and wherein R 1  and R 2  are the same or different and are chosen from alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, alkylamino, aryl, aralkyl, or alkylsilyl. The coating has a thickness ranging between about 0.1 mil and about 1.5 mil, a hardness ranging between about 2H and about 9H in accordance with ASTM 3363 for film hardness by pencil test, and a kinetic coefficient of friction between about 0.03 and about 0.04.

CROSS REFERENCE

This application claims the benefit of the filing date of U.S.provisional application 61/639,647, filed on Apr. 27, 2012, and entitled“High Performance Silicon Based Coating Compositions” and is acontinuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/872,588, filed Apr.29, 2013, and entitled “High Performance Silicon Based CoatingCompositions,” the teachings and content of which are incorporated byreference herein in their entireties for all purposes.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to silicon based coating compositionsformed from silazane, siloxane, and silane, and optionally, organicsolvents and additives. The resultant composition can be used forcoating a surface to form coatings having good hardness and coefficientof friction characteristics. Such coatings are useful in a wide range ofapplications.

BACKGROUND

Chemical structure and conformation of the polymer are among the manyfactors that influence the type of coating required for a particularapplication. However, the commercial availability of many usefulpolymers often limits the applications. For example, for a long timepolysilazanes have been synthesized and characterized, with acknowledgesthat such polymer could be useful in a variety of applications.Currently, however, few products have been developed into a marketablecommodity. Additionally, there are cost limitations that prohibit use insome cases.

There is a great need for an improved silicon based coating for use in awide range of applications. Anything that requires a surface coatingwith advantageous characteristics such as being moisture curable atambient temperature conditions without requiring added catalyst oractivator for rapid curing, thin but durable, protective andheat-stable, displaying excellent hardness, remaining intact even whenthe substrate is deformed would find it beneficial to have an improvedhigh-performance coating. In addition, coatings that are customizable interms of coating color, appearance, feel, glossiness are desirable.Further, coatings with UV resistant, microbial releasable, easy to cleanand maintain, corrosion resistant are also in great need for their widerange of uses.

Therefore, given the limitations of the prior art, it is desirable tohave a coating composition that has the physical and chemicalcharacteristics of the polymer substrates, and results in coatingspossessing a number of desirable properties.

SUMMARY

The invention relates to silicon based coating compositions applicableto a wide range of surfaces, which composition is formed from a mixtureof constituents comprising appropriate portions of polymerized silazaneresin, polymerized siloxane resin, and polymerized silane resin, andoptionally portions of organic solvent and additives, and results in acoating having a hardness of 2-9H (H, Hardness, by ASTM D3363 standard)and a kinetic coefficient of friction between about 0.03 to about 0.04.Such combinations having specific portions of silicon based polymersprovide coatings having advantageous properties including clear, thin,light, slick, hard, heat resistant, high temperature resistant, icebuild-up resistant, UV resistant, chemical resistant, and microbialresistant. In addition, the compositions as provided herein allow for alower concentration of polymerized silazane resin and thus reduce thecost, simplify mixing steps and process, and decrease the odor in thefinished coating products.

The current invention relating to a silicon based coating compositiongenerally comprises from about 0% (w/w) to about 80% (w/w) silazane,from about 0% (w/w) to about 60% (w/w) siloxane, and from about 5% (w/w)to about 80% (w/w) silane, and optionally portions of organic solventand additives.

One embodiment of the current invention relates to a silicon basedcoating composition comprising between about 5% to about 7% (w/w)silazane; between about 60% and about 75% (w/w) silane; and, betweenabout 20% and about 35% (w/w) organic solvent.

A second embodiment of the current invention relates to a silicon basedcoating composition comprising between about 7% and about 9% (w/w)silazane; between about 7% and about 9% (w/w) siloxane; between about65% and about 78% (w/w) silane; between about 10% and about 35% (w/w)organic solvent; and, between about 0% and about 2% (w/w) additives.

A third embodiment of the current invention relates to a silicon basedcoating composition comprising between about 16% and about 18% (w/w)silazane resin comprising; between about 6% and about 8% (w/w) siloxane;between about 65% and about 78% (w/w) silane; between about 0% and about3% (w/w) organic solvent; and, between about 0% and about 2% (w/w)additives.

A fourth embodiment of the current invention relates to a silicon basedcoating composition comprising between about 25% and about 30% (w/w)silazane; between about 8% and about 12% (w/w) silane; between about 55%and about 65% (w/w) organic solvent; and, between about 0% and about 2%(w/w) additives.

A fifth embodiment of the current invention relates to a silicon basedcoating composition comprising between about 34% and about 37% (w/w)silazane; between about 25% and about 32% (w/w) silane; between about25% and about 45% (w/w) organic solvent; and, between about 0% and about2% (w/w) additives.

A sixth embodiment of the current invention relates to a silicon basedcoating composition comprising between about 38% and about 42% (w/w)silazane; between about 20% and about 30% (w/w) silane; between about20% and about 55% (w/w) organic solvent; and, between about 0% and about2% (w/w) additives.

A seventh embodiment of the current invention relates to a silicon basedcoating composition comprising between about 45% and about 55% (w/w)silazane; between about 20% and about 30% (w/w) silane; between about10% and about 45% (w/w) organic solvent; and, between about 0% and about2% (w/w) additives.

An eighth embodiment of the current invention relates to a silicon basedcoating composition comprising between about 64% and about 68% (w/w)silazane resin; between about 15% and about 19% (w/w) siloxane; betweenabout 15% and about 19% (w/w) silane; between about 0% and about 6%(w/w) organic solvent; and, between about 0% and about 2% (w/w)additives.

A ninth embodiment of the current invention relates to a silicon basedcoating composition comprising about 50% (w/w) siloxane; and about 50%silane.

In addition, the present invention further provides a method of coatinga surface, the method comprising mixing a mixture of constituentscomprising: from about 0% (w/w) to about 80% (w/w) silazane, from about0% (w/w) to about 60% (w/w) siloxane, and from about 5% (w/w) to about80% (w/w) silane; coating the mixture onto a surface; and curing thecoating ambiently with or without additional heat.

Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used hereinhave the same meaning as is commonly understood by one of skill in theart to which this invention belongs at the time of filing. Ifspecifically defined, then the definition provided herein takesprecedent over any dictionary or extrinsic definition. Further, unlessotherwise required by context, singular terms shall include pluralities,and plural terms shall include the singular. Herein, the use of “or”means “and/or” unless stated otherwise. All patents and publicationsreferred to herein are incorporated by reference.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present invention relates to silicon based coating compositions thatare formed from certain silicon based polymers to make high performancecoatings with desirable properties.

As such, the top coatings provided by these compositions are clear,thin, hard, slick, having shortened curing process, and with resistanceor high endurance to adverse conditions including, but not limited to,drag, scrub, friction, heat, moist, high temperature, low temperature,UV exposure, ice build-up, microbial growth, corrosion, and the like.The compositions comprise polymerized silane and either or both ofpolymerized silazane and siloxane, and may further comprise one or morenon-reactive organic solvents, and/or one or more additives for curingor for finishing, each of which in a proportion as designed herein toachieve certain properties. In addition, the present invention is basedin part on the finding that compositions comprising a combination ofvarious silicon based polymers results in a product providing betterprotections to exterior surfaces and underlying finish in a wide rangeof applications.

The silicon based coating compositions of the present invention includepolymerized silazane. “Silazane” and “polysilazane”, as appearing in thespecification and claims are generic terms intended to include compoundswhich contain one or more silicon-nitrogen bonds in which the nitrogenatom is bonded to at least two silicon atoms, and may or may not containcyclic units. Therefore, the terms “polysilazane” and “silazane polymer”include monomers, oligomers, cyclic, polycyclic, linear polymers orresinous polymers having at least one Si—N group in the compound, orhaving repeating units of H₂Si—NH, that is, [H₂Si—NH]_(n), with “n”greater than 1. The chemical structure for polysilazane is shown below.

By “oligomer” is meant any molecule or chemical compound which comprisesseveral repeat units, generally from about 2 to 10 repeat units. Asimple example of silazane oligomer is disilazane H₃Si—NH—SiH₃.“Polymer”, as used herein, means a molecule or compound which comprisesa large number of repeat units, generally greater than about 10 repeatunits. The oligomeric or polymeric silazanes may be amorphous orcrystalline in nature. Polysilazane or a mixture of polysilazanes knownin the art or commercially available include such products generallyknown among persons skilled in the art as: silazanes, disilazanes,polysilazanes, ureasilazanes, polyureasilazanes, aminosilanes,organosilazanes, organopolysilazanes, inorganic polysilazanes, andothers employing liquid anhydrous ammonia in their production. One groupof polysilazane, [R₁R₂Si—NH]_(n), are isoelectronic with and closerelatives to polysiloxane [R₁R₂Si—O]_(n). A polysilazane with thegeneral formula (CH₃)₃Si—NH—[(CH₃)₂Si—NH]_(n)—Si(CH₃)₃ is designated aspolydimethylsilazane.

The making of polysilazane using ammonolysis procedure was disclosed inU.S. Pat. No. 6,329,487. In addition, polysilazane is also commerciallyavailable. For example, polysilazane (>99%) in tert-butyl acetatesolvent manufactured by KiON Defense Technologies, Inc. (HuntingdonValley, Pa.) as KDT Ambient Cure Coating Resin (KDT HTA® 1500) issupplied as a 100% solids liquid of low viscosity. KDT HTA® 1500 maycomprise less than 5% cyclosilazane, a cyclic form of polysilazane.Similar product is also available from other manufacturers including AZElectronic Materials (Branchburg, N.J.).

Polysilazane as provided comprises between about 0% and about 80% (w/w)of the total formula weight of silicon based coating compositions. Inone embodiment, the silicon based coating composition does not containpolysilazane. In some embodiments, polysilazane (A-Resin, as designatedhereinafter) comprises about 80%, 75%, 70%, 65%, 60%, 55%, 50%, 45%,40%, 35%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, 0% (w/w), or anyrange thereof, of the silicon based coating composition. For example,the amount of polysilazane, present in the silicon based coatingcomposition may range from between about 5% to about 10%, between about8% to about 30%, between about 25% to about 40%, between about 35% toabout 55%, between about 50% to about 70%, between about 60% to about80%, (w/w) of the total composition, and preferably ranges from betweenabout 5% to about 7%, between about 7% to about 9%, between about 16% toabout 18%, between about 25% to about 30%, between about 34% to about37%, between about 38% to about 42%, between about 45% to about 55%,between about 64% to about 68%, (w/w) of the total composition. In anexemplary embodiment, the amount of polysilazane present in thecomposition is 6% (w/w) of the total composition. In another exemplaryembodiment, the amount of polysilazane present in the composition is 8%(w/w) of the total composition. In another exemplary embodiment, theamount of polysilazane present in the composition is 19% (w/w) of thetotal composition. In yet another exemplary embodiment, the amount ofpolysilazane present in the composition is 28% (w/w) of the totalcomposition. In still another exemplary embodiment, the amount ofpolysilazane present in the composition is 36% (w/w) of the totalcomposition. In yet another exemplary embodiment, the amount ofpolysilazane present in the composition is 40% (w/w) of the totalcomposition. In still another exemplary embodiment, the amount ofpolysilazane present in the composition is 50% (w/w) of the totalcomposition. In still another exemplary embodiment, the amount ofpolysilazane present in the composition is 66% (w/w) of the totalcomposition.

The silicon based coating compositions of the present invention alsoinclude polymerized siloxane. A siloxane is a chemical compound havingbranched or unbranched backbones consisting of alternating silicon andoxygen atoms —Si—O—Si—O— with side chains R attached to the siliconatoms (R₁R₂SiO), where R is a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group.Polymerized siloxanes, including oligomeric and polymeric siloxaneunits, with organic side chains (R≠H) are commonly known aspolysiloxanes, or [SiOR₁R₂]_(n), with “n” greater than 1. The chemicalstructure for polysiloxanes is shown below.

In addition to hydrogen, R₁ and R₂ of polysiloxane are independentlyselected from the group consisting of an alkyl, an alkenyl, acycloalkyl, an alkylamino, aryl, aralkyl, or alkylsilyl. Thus, R₁ and R₂can be such groups as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, octyl, decyl, vinyl,allyl, butenyl, octenyl, decenyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl, eicosyl,tetracosyl, cyclohexyl, methylcyclohexyl, methylamino, ethylamino,phenyl, tolyl, xylyl, naphthyl, benzyl, methylsilyl, ethylsilyl,propylsilyl, butylsilyl, octylsilyl, or decylsilyl. These alkyl,alkenyl, cycloalky, aryl, alkyl amino, aralkyl and alkylsilyl groups mayeach optionally be substituted by one or more substituents which containheteroatoms, such as halides, like chlorine, bromine and iodine; alkoxygroups, like ethoxy, and also aryl groups, such as acetyl and propionyl.Organic side groups can be used to link two or more of these —Si—O—backbones together. By varying the —Si—O-chain lengths, side groups, andcrosslinking, polysiloxanes can vary in consistency from liquid to gelto rubber to hard plastic. Representative examples of polysiloxane are[SiO(CH₃)₂]_(n) (polydimethylsiloxane, PDMS) and [SiO(C₆H₅)₂]_(n)(polydiphenylsiloxane). In a preferred embodiment, the silicon basedcoating composition comprises polydimethylsiloxane. The chemicalstructure for polydimethylsiloxane is shown below.

Octamethyltrisiloxane, [(CH₃)₃SiO]₂Si(CH₃)₂, is a linear siloxane in thepolydimethylsiloxane family, with the INCI name as Trisiloxane. Thechemical structure for Octamethyltrisiloxane is shown below.

Other methylated siloxanes include, but are not limited to:hexamethyldisiloxane, cyclotetrasiloxane, octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane,decamethyltetrasiloxane, decamethylcyclopentasiloxane. The method ofproducing high molecular weight polysiloxane product was disclosed inUS. App. Pub. 20090253884. In addition, polysiloxane is alsocommercially available. As one example, polysiloxane, specifically,polydimethylsiloxane, is supplied in isopropyl acetate solvent byGenesee Polymers Corp. (Burton, Mich.), and it is sold as DimethylSilicone Fluids G-10 product. Polysiloxane as provided in the form ofDimethyl Silicone Fluids resin (B-Resin, as designated hereinafter)comprises between about 0% and about 60% (w/w) of the total formulaweight of silicon based coating compositions. In one embodiment, thesilicon based coating composition does not contain polysiloxane in theform of Dimethyl Silicone Fluids. In some embodiments, polysiloxane, inthe form of Dimethyl Silicone Fluids or the like, comprises about 60%,57%, 53%, 50%, 47%, 43%, 40%, 37%, 33%, 30%, 27%, 25%, 23%, 20%, 17%,15%, 13%, 10%, 7%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% (w/w), or any range thereof, ofthe silicon based coating composition. For example, the amount ofpolysiloxane, in the form of Dimethyl Silicone Fluids or the like,present in the silicon based coating composition may range from betweenabout 5% to about 10%, between about 8% to about 22%, between about 20%to about 30%, between about 28% to about 40%, between about 38% to about50%, between about 48% to about 60%, (w/w) of the total composition, andpreferably ranges from between about 6% to about 8%, between about 7% toabout 9%, between about 12% to about 20%, between about 22% to about28%, between about 45% to about 55%, (w/w) of the total composition. Inan exemplary embodiment, the amount of polysiloxane, in the form ofDimethyl Silicone Fluids or the like, present in the composition isabout 7% (w/w) of the total composition. In an exemplary embodiment, theamount of polysiloxane, in the form of Dimethyl Silicone Fluids or thelike, present in the composition is about 8% (w/w) of the totalcomposition. In another exemplary embodiment, the amount ofpolysiloxane, in the form of Dimethyl Silicone Fluids or the like,present in the composition is 17% (w/w) of the total composition. Inanother exemplary embodiment, the amount of polysiloxane, in the form ofDimethyl Silicone Fluids or the like, present in the composition is 25%(w/w) of the total composition. In yet another exemplary embodiment, theamount of polysiloxane, in the form of Dimethyl Silicone Fluids or thelike, present in the composition is 50% (w/w) of the total composition.

The silicon based coating compositions of the present invention mayfurther include polymerized silane. Silanes are compounds which containone or more silicon-silicon bonds. Polysilanes [R₁R₂Si—R₁R₂Si]_(n) are alarge family of inorganic polymers. The number of repeating units, “n”,plays a role in determining the molecular weight and viscosity of thecomposition. Like in polysiloxane, R₁ and R₂ are independently selectedfrom the group consisting of a hydrogen, an alkyl, an alkenyl, acycloalkyl, an alkylamino, aryl, aralkyl, or alkylsilyl. Thus, R₁ and R₂can be such groups as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, octyl, decyl, vinyl,allyl, butenyl, octenyl, decenyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl, eicosyl,tetracosyl, cyclohexyl, methylcyclohexyl, methylamino, ethylamino,phenyl, tolyl, xylyl, naphthyl, benzyl, methylsilyl, ethylsilyl,propylsilyl, butylsilyl, octylsilyl, or decylsilyl. A polymer with thegeneral formula —[(CH₃)₂Si—(CH₃)₂Si]—_(n), is designated aspolydimethylsilane. The chemical structure of polydimethylsilane isshown below.

High molecular weight polysilane product with a narrow molecular weightdistribution may be obtained by the process of U.S. Pat. No. 5,599,892.Polysilane is also available as a resin system supplied in amyl acetateblend from Kadko, Inc. (Beech Grove, Ind.), and it is sold as a KADKLADR2X3™ product. Polysilane as provided in the form of KADKLAD R2X3 resin(C-Resin, as designated hereinafter) comprises between about 5% andabout 80% (w/w) of the total formula weight of silicon based coatingcompositions. In one embodiment, the silicon based coating compositiondoes not contain polysilane in the form of KADKLAD R2X3 resin. In someembodiments, polysilane, in the form of KADKLAD R2X3 resin or the like,comprises about 80%, 75%, 70%, 65%, 60%, 55%, 50%, 45%, 40%, 35%, 30%,27%, 25%, 23%, 20%, 17%, 15%, 13%, 10%, 7%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% (w/w), orany range thereof, of the silicon based coating composition. Forexample, the amount of polysilane, in the form of KADKLAD R2X3 resin orthe like, present in the silicon based coating composition may rangefrom between about 60% to about 80%, between about 45% to about 65%,between about 30% to about 55%, between about 15% to about 35%, betweenabout 5% to about 20%, (w/w) of the total composition, and preferablyranges from between about 65% to about 78%, between about 60% to about75%, between about 25% to about 32%, between about 20% to about 30%,between about 15% to about 19%, between about 8% to about 12%, (w/w) ofthe total composition. In an exemplary embodiment, the amount ofpolysilane, in the form of KADKLAD R2X3 resin or the like, present inthe composition is about 73% (w/w) of the total composition. In anotherexemplary embodiment, the amount of polysilane, in the form of KADKLADR2X3 resin or the like, present in the composition is 67% (w/w) of thetotal composition. In another exemplary embodiment, the amount ofpolysilane, in the form of KADKLAD R2X3 resin or the like, present inthe composition is 28% (w/w) of the total composition. In yet anotherexemplary embodiment, the amount of polysilane, in the form of KADKLADR2X3 resin or the like, present in the composition is 25% (w/w) of thetotal composition. In yet another exemplary embodiment, the amount ofpolysilane, in the form of KADKLAD R2X3 resin or the like, present inthe composition is 17% (w/w) of the total composition. In still anotherexemplary embodiment, the amount of polysilane, in the form of KADKLADR2X3 resin or the like, present in the composition is 10% (w/w) of thetotal composition.

The silicon based coating compositions of the current invention mayadditionally include one or more organic solvents. Generally, theorganic solvent is defined as a carbon-containing chemical that iscapable of dissolving a solid, liquid, or a gas. Although one skilled inthe art will appreciate that a wide variety of solvents may beincorporated into the current invention, suitable solvents for thepresent invention are those that contain no water and no reactive groupssuch as hydroxyl or amine groups. These solvents include, but notlimited to, for example, aromatic hydrocarbons; aliphatic hydrocarbons,such as, hexane, heptane, benzene, toluene, branched-chain alkanes(isoparaffins); halogenated hydrocarbons; esters, such as methylacetate, n-butyl acetate, tert-butyl acetate, isobutyl acetate,sec-butyl acetate, ethyl acetate, amyl acetate, pentyl acetate, 2-methylbutyl acetate, isoamyl acetate, n-propyl acetate, isopropyl acetate,ethylhexyl acetate; ketones, such as acetone or methyl ethyl ketone;ethers, such as tetrahydrofuran, dibutyl ether; and mono- andpolyalkylene glycol dialkyl ethers (glymes) or mixtures of thesesolvents may be used. In a preferred embodiment, the organic solventcomprises n-butyl acetate. In another preferred embodiment, the organicsolvent comprises tert-butyl acetate. In yet another preferredembodiment, the organic solvent comprises isoparaffins.

In addition, the organic solvent generally comprises between about 0% toabout 70% (w/w) of the silicon based coating composition. In someembodiments, the organic solvent comprises about 70%, about 65%, about60%, about 55%, about 50%, about 45%, about 40%, about 35%, about 30%,about 25%, about 20%, about 15%, about 10%, about 5%, or about 0% (w/w)of the total composition. For example, the amount of organic solventpresent in the silicon based coating composition preferably ranges frombetween about 0% to about 35% (w/w) of the composition. In anotherembodiment, the amount of organic solvent in the silicon based coatingcomposition ranges from between about 10% to about 45% (w/w) of thetotal composition. In another embodiment, the amount of organic solventin the silicon based coating composition ranges from between about 10%to about 35% (w/w) of the total composition. In an additionalembodiment, the amount of organic solvent in the silicon based coatingcomposition ranges from between about 20% to 55% (w/w) of the totalcomposition. In still another embodiment, the amount of organic solventin the silicon based coating composition ranges from between about 25%to 45% (w/w).

The silicon based coating compositions of the current invention mayfurther include one or more additives including, but not limited to,curing agents, matting agents, pigments, fillers, flow control agents,dry flow additives, anti-cratering agents, surfactants, texturingagents, light stabilizers, matting agents, photosensitizers, wettingagents, anti-oxidants, plasticizers, opacifiers, stabilizers, degassingagents, corrosion inhibitors, ceramic microspheres, slip agents,dispersing agents, and surface altering additives.

Among various coating composition additives that may be optionallyadded, substances or mixtures of substances added to a polymercomposition to promote or control the curing reaction are curing agents,which include catalyst and hardener. As generally known, curing catalystincreases the rate of a chemical reaction as an initiator. It is addedin a small quantity as compared to the amounts of primary reactants, anddoes not become a component part of the chain. In contrast, curinghardener, often an amine, enables the formation of a complexthree-dimensional molecular structure by chemical reaction between thepolymers and the amine. It is essential that the correct mix ratio isobtained between resin and hardener to ensure that a complete reactiontakes place, such that no unreacted resin or hardener will remain withinthe matrix to affect the final properties after cure. Conventionalpolyamine hardeners comprise primary or secondary amine groups. Apolysilazane-modified polyamine hardener was described in U.S. Pat. No.6,756,469, providing heated polyamine in the presence of a polysilazaneto prepare a hardener imparting enhanced high temperature properties,higher char yields and better adhesion properties. In some embodiment ofthe present invention, neither catalyst nor hardener is needed for acuring process that is initiated via solvent condensation. In someembodiment of the present invention, each polymer in the composition iscapable of curing independently of the other without the need of formingco-polymers.

The matting agents used in the practice of this invention typically canalter the surface of a coating in such a way that the light falling onit is scattered in a defined fashion. The matting agent particles standout from the coating, but are invisible to the human eye. The color ofthe coating is not affected by the matting agent to any great extent.Representative examples of such matting agents include inorganic mattingagents such as silica-based ACEMATT® matting agents from Evonik Degussa(Parsippany, N.J.) and silica-based matting agents available from IneosSilicas (Hampshire, United Kingdom). The matting agents may vary in sizeand include materials that are micron sized particles. For example, theparticles may have an average diameter of from about 0.1 to 1000microns, and in one embodiment from 0.1 to 100 microns. Combinations ofmatting agents may be used.

The pigments used in the practice of this invention may be of any coloror combination of colors, as well as employed in any pattern orcombination of patterns. The pigments used herein are typicallyinorganic materials. Inorganic pigments can be crystals of metal oxides.This structure is extremely stable, and sets it apart from organicpigments, which are generally composed of carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen.Such pigments include mixed metal oxides that include more than one typeof metal atom along with the oxygen to make the pigment. In general,pigments are produced by the high temperature calcination of high grademetal oxides in a kiln according to given time and temperature profiles.The resulting mixed metal oxide can be milled using a variety ofhigh-energy techniques in order to reduce the particle size. Thepigments used herein are typically stable at high temperatures.Representative examples of such pigments include black and grayinorganic pigments, such as the camouflage inorganic pigment packagesfrom Shepherd Color (West Chester, Ohio). The camouflage pigment CM2581available from Shepherd Color contains a mixture of chromic oxide(2-8%), copper chromite black spinel (20-30%), titanium dioxide(50-70%), zinc iron chromate black spinel (10-15%). Combinations ofpigments may be used as needed.

Other materials may be included in the composition of this inventionincluding, but not limited to, flow and leveling agents such asavailable from BYK (Wesel, Germany), hydrophobic fumed silica such asavailable from Evonik Degussa (Parsippany, N.J.), alumina fibers andsilicon carbide fibers such as available from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis,Mo.), and the like.

In addition, the coating composition additives typically comprise lessthan about 10% of the total silicon based coating composition. In someembodiments, the additive comprises about 9%, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%,2%, 1%, 0.1%, or 0% (w/w) of the total composition.

The coating composition may be applied by dipping, spraying, brushing,painting, wiping, immersion, or spin-coating techniques. Theseprocedures will typically provide polymer coatings of thicknesses on theorder of 1 micron (μ, or micrometer μm) or even thinner, to up to about75 micron per coat for the cured polymers. If a thicker coating isdesired, multiple coating layers may be provided. The clear coatformulations as provided herein result in a coating transparent andtherefore do not affect the optical appearance of the substrate. Due tothe small coat thickness, only a very small amount of material isrequired, which is advantageous both in terms of cost and alsoecologically, and the weight change of the substrate to be coated isnearly unnoticeable. The coat thickness of the silicon based coating asprovided herein following evaporation of the solvent and curing is inthe range from about 0.1 to about 50 micron, preferably from about 0.5to about 40 micron, particularly preferably from about 1 to about 25micron.

Curing is the process of polymerization after the coating is applied.Curing process can be controlled through temperature, air flow, theratio of the solvents, choice of resin and hardener compounds, and theratio of said compounds. The curing process can take minutes to hours.Some coating formulations benefit from heating during the curing period,whereas others simply require time and ambient temperatures. Coatingsmay be ambiently cured at room temperature ranging from 5-40° C. Byproviding slight amount of heat the curing time can be shortened.Preferably, curing is performed at temperatures not exceeding about 100°C. These curing atmospheres include, but are not limited to, air andother non-reactive or reactive gaseous environments which containmoisture, inert gases like nitrogen and argon, and reactive gases suchas ammonia, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and so on. Rapid cure times areachieved when applying the coating formulations as disclosed herein tosurfaces which are subsequently exposed to the moisture-containingatmosphere at room temperature.

Coating related testing provides quality control and product descriptionbased on industrial standards. Typical coating tests may include, butnot limited to, thickness test, coefficient of friction test, hardnesstest, scratch resistance test (testing the amount of force needed toscratch the coating from substrate), 90 degree peel from topcoat test,90 degree peel from adhesive test, cross-hatch adhesion test. Inparticular, a thickness test, measuring the thickness of substrates andtop-coated materials, may be carried out using test panels on whichuniform films are produced by a coating suitable for spraying; usingmicrometers for dried films; using magnetic gages for nonmagneticcoatings; using Wet Film Thickness Gage or Pfund Gage for wet filmthickness; or using microscopic observation of precision angular cuts inthe coating film. Hardness test of organic materials may be carried outusing indentation hardness measurements, Sward-type hardness rockerinstruments, or pendulum damping testers. In addition, the “kineticcoefficient of friction” (COF, μ), also known as a “frictionalcoefficient” or “friction coefficient”, describes the ratio of the forceof friction between two bodies and the force pressing them together.Coefficients of friction range from near zero to greater than one.Rougher surfaces tend to have higher effective values. The COF measuredunder ASTM D1894 is called Standard COF. More standard ASTM (AmericanSociety for Testing and Materials) test methods for coatings areavailable at World Wide Web:wernerblank.com/polyur/testmethods/coating_test.htm. Preferably, in oneembodiment, the thickness of the silicon based coating resulted from thecompositions provided herein is between from about 1 micron to about 45micron. In one embodiment, the hardness of the silicon based coatingresulted from the compositions provided herein ranges from about 2H toabout 9H, using ASTM D3363 standard. Further, in one embodiment, the COFof the silicon based coating resulted from the compositions providedherein is between from about 0.03 to about 0.04.

Surfaces, substrates and substrate layers suitable for coatingcompositions provided herein may comprise any desirable substantiallysolid material that vary widely. For example, the type of surfaces thatcan be treated with the compositions of this invention includes glass;ceramics, such as, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, silica, alumina,zirconia, and the like; metals, such as, iron, stainless steel,galvanized steel, zinc, aluminum, nickel, copper, magnesium and alloysthereof, silver and gold and the like; plastics, such as, polymethylmethacrylate, polyurethane, polycarbonate, polyesters includingpolyethylene terephthalate, polyimides, polyamides, epoxy resins, ABSpolymer, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyoxymethylene; porous mineralmaterials, such as, concrete, clay bricks, marble, basalt, asphalt,loam, terracotta; organic materials, such as wood, leather, parchment,paper and textiles; and coated surfaces, such as, plastics emulsionpaints, acrylic coatings, epoxy coatings, melamine resins, polyurethaneresins and alkyd coatings. The surface or substrate contemplated hereinmay also comprise at least two layers of materials. One layer ofmaterial, for example, may include glass, metal, ceramic, plastics, woodor composite material. Other layers of material comprising the surfaceor substrate may include layers of polymers, monomers, organiccompounds, inorganic compounds, organometallic compounds, continuouslayers and nanoporous layers.

Further, the surfaces and substrates may have different shapes, e.g.,substrates having flat, planar surfaces, molded articles having curvedsurfaces, fibers, fabrics, and the like. It will be appreciated by thoseskilled in the art that the foregoing lists are merely illustrative ofvarious materials which may be coated using the presently disclosedcompositions and methods, and are not in any way limiting of thedifferent substrates with which the present invention is useful. Insofaras they protect virtually any type of substrate from oxidative thermaldegradation, corrosion, or chemical attack. The coatings may also beused to strengthen relatively flaw sensitive brittle substrates such asglass and non-wetting surfaces. The coatings may additionally be usefulto provide bonding or compatibility interfaces between different typesof materials.

A particularly advantageous use of this coating is as a coating onautomobile, aircraft, missiles, marine vessels, wheels, wind generationequipment and blades, solar panels, building surfaces, public spaces,packaging surfaces, outdoor signs and advertisement billboard or LEDscreens. Those surfaces are exposed to UV, heat, coldness, moisture, icebuild-up, chemical corrosion, wear and tear from natural physical forcescreating friction such as, water, air flow and dust. In addition, suchprotection is also suitable for mechanical components exposed to hightemperatures, including, for example, exterior aircraft surfaces, a wingslat or pylon made of titanium, aluminum or cress metal heat shields onan aircraft or other coated aircraft areas subject to engine efflux. Aprotective film provided by the silicon based coating compositionsdisclosed herein over the base layer of paint or surface material ofthese surfaces is particularly useful to protect them from externalforces, which can be destructive over a period of time.

Although the invention described herein is susceptible to variousmodifications and alternative iterations, specific embodiments thereofhave been described in greater detail above. It should be understood,however, that the detailed description of the spot-on composition is notintended to limit the invention to the specific embodiments disclosed.Rather, it should be understood that the invention is intended to coverall modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within thespirit and scope of the invention as defined by the claim language.

DEFINITIONS

As used herein, the terms “about” and “approximately” designate that avalue is within a statistically meaningful range. Such a range can betypically within 20%, more typically still within 10%, and even moretypically within 5% of a given value or range. The allowable variationencompassed by the terms “about” and “approximately” depends on theparticular system under study and can be readily appreciated by one ofordinary skill in the art.

As used herein, the term “w/w” designates the phrase “by weight” and isused to describe the concentration of a particular substance in amixture or solution.

As used herein, the term “mL/kg” designates milliliters of compositionper kilogram of body weight.

As used herein, the term “cure” or “curing” refers to a change in state,condition, and/or structure in a material that is usually, but notnecessarily, induced by at least one variable, such as time,temperature, moisture, radiation, presence and quantity in such materialof a catalyst or accelerator or the like. The terms cover partial aswell as complete curing

As used herein, the term “hardness” or “H” designates the property of amaterial that enables it to resist plastic deformation, usually bypenetration. However, the term hardness may also refer to resistance tobending, scratching, abrasion or cutting. The usual method to achieve ahardness value is to measure the depth or area of an indentation left byan indenter of a specific shape, with a specific force applied for aspecific time. There are four principal standard test methods forexpressing the relationship between hardness and the size of theimpression, these being Pencil Hardness ASTM D3363, Brinell, Vickers,and Rockwell. For practical and calibration reasons, each of thesemethods is divided into a range of scales, defined by a combination ofapplied load and indenter geometry.

As used herein, the term “coefficient of friction” (COF), also known asa ‘frictional coefficient’ or ‘friction coefficient’ or “kineticcoefficient of friction” and is an empirical measurement which describesthe ratio of the force of friction between two bodies and the forcepressing them together. The coefficient of friction depends on thematerials used. When the coefficient of friction is measured by astandardized surface, the measurement is called “standardizedcoefficient of friction”.

As used herein, the term “corrosion resistant agent” or variationthereof refers to additives in the coating on a surface which inhibitthe corrosion of the surface substrate when it is exposed to air, heat,or corrosive environments for prolonged time periods.

As used herein, the term “monomer” refers to any chemical compound thatis capable of forming a covalent bond with itself or a chemicallydifferent compound in a repetitive manner. The repetitive bond formationbetween monomers may lead to a linear, branched, super-branched, orthree-dimensional product. Furthermore, monomers may themselves compriserepetitive building blocks, and when polymerized the polymers formedfrom such monomers are then termed “blockpolymers”. Monomers may belongto various chemical classes of molecules including organic,organometallic or inorganic molecules. The molecular weight of monomersmay vary greatly between about 40 Dalton and 20000 Dalton. However,especially when monomers comprise repetitive building blocks, monomersmay have even higher molecular weights. Monomers may also includeadditional reactive groups.

Contemplated polymers may also comprise a wide range of functional orstructural moieties, including aromatic systems, and halogenated groups.Furthermore, appropriate polymers may have many configurations,including a homopolymer, and a heteropolymer. Moreover, alternativepolymers may have various forms, such as linear, branched,super-branched, or three-dimensional. The molecular weight ofcontemplated polymers spans a wide range, typically between 400 Daltonand 400000 Dalton or more.

The following examples are intended to further illustrate and explainthe present invention. The invention, therefore, should not be limitedto any of the details in these examples.

EXAMPLES Example 1—Preparation of Resin Systems for Making Silicon BasedCoating Compositions

The silicon based coating formulations provided herein were formed fromtwo or more different resin systems chosen from, what was known asA-Resin, B-Resin, C-Resin, and any combinations thereof. The A-Resin wasmade according to the formulation provided in Table 1. The A-Resin waspurchased from KiON Defense Technologies (Huntingdon Valley, Pa.), andit was sold as KDT HTA 1500 Fast™, an air curable liquid polysiloxazanebased coating resin (8.9 lbs/Gallon).

TABLE 1 A-Resin formulation Ingredient CAS NO Amount (w/w) Appx.Polysilazane >99% (w/w) Cyclosilazane CAS# 503590-70-3  <5% (w/w)n-Butyl Acetate (or CAS# 123-86-4  <3% (w/w) tert-Butyl Acetate) (CAS#540-88-5)

The B-Resin was made according to the formulation provided in Table 2.The B-Resins was purchased from Genesee Polymers Corp. (Burton, Mich.),and it was sold as Dimethyl Silicone Fluids G-10 products (8.0lbs/Gallon).

TABLE 2 B-Resin formulation Amount (w/w) Ingredient CAS NO Appx.Polydimethylsiloxane Fluid CAS# 63148-62-9 <5% (w/w) Isoproply AcetateSolvent CAS# 108-24-4 <98% (w/w)

The C-Resin was made according to the formulation provided in Table 3.The C-Resins was purchased from Kadko, Inc. (Beech Grove, Ind.), and itwas sold as a polysilazane based KADKLAD R2X3™ product.

TABLE 3 C-Resin formulation Ingredient CAS NO Amount (w/w) Appx.Polysilane <8% (w/w) Amyl Acetate Blend CAS# 628-63-7 <98% IsopropylAcetate CAS# 108-21-4 25-35% Isoparaffnic CAS# 64741-66-8 50-60%Hydrocarbon Aliphatic CAS# 64742-47-8  5-10% Hydrocarbon Acetate EsterCAS# 108419-34-7  1-5%

The A-, B-, and C-Resin systems were then used in appropriate amount fordifferent clear coat formulations, as such a mix of polysilazane,polysiloxane and/or polysilane and acetate solvent was used to produceformulations of coating products with various desired properties asdescribed below.

Characteristics of the coating products using the formulations providedherein included clear, thin, light, slick, hard, heat resistant, hightemperature resistant, ice build-up resistant, UV resistant, chemicalresistant, and microbial resistant.

Example 2—Clear Coat Formulation MX 6%

A clear coat silicon based coating formulation was made according to theformulation provided in Table 4. The clear coat was formed by mixing theA- and C-Resins in the amount listed below. The formulation was to beused to coat the face of a glass top.

TABLE 4 Clear Coat Silicon Based Coating MX 6% Composition INGREDIENTAMOUNT (w/w) 1. Base Resin Mixture A-Resin: 6% (w/w) C-Resin: 67% (w/w)2. Solvent tert-Butyl Acetate CAS# 540-88-5 27% (w/w) Total = 100% (w/w)

To blend the ingredients and make 10 gallons of MX 6% coatingcomposition, each component was measured out to the appropriatepercentage of the formula needed to create the coating. Each ofingredients was pre-weighed: 6% by formula weight of 10 gallons A-Resin,67% by formula weight of 10 gallons C-Resin, 26% by formula weight of 10gallons tert-butyl acetate, and 1% by formula weight of 10 gallonsMicropro™ 600VF (Micro Powders, Inc., Tarrytown, N.Y.). The Micropro600VF was added to adjust the gloss factor of the finished product whencured. The base resin mixture was first made by mixing A-Resin withC-Resin, followed by adding the solvent. When the ingredients were mixedinto and within one mixture, the mixture was thoroughly mixed by stirpaddle until a homogenous or uniform blend was formed. The stir paddlewas rotated at about 500 rpm, and the mixing took approximately five (5)minutes. The finished formulated resin system was then filtered througha 120 mesh paint filter (U.S. standard sieve size, same below) such thatthere were no particles or debris left within the coating mixture. Thisfiltered resin system was then spray coated onto a glass panel. Thecoating had a thickness of about 0.1 to 0.4 mil (1 mil=0.001 inches or25.4 μm). The theoretical coverage of this formulation is 3800 sq/ft pergal for a thickness of 0.2 mil. Pre-conditioning of the substratesurface can be but not limited to dry, clean and contamination freesurface.

After application, the coating was allowed to ambient-cure at roomtemperature for 15 minutes, it then became dry to touch achievingapproximately 25% of cured film property values. An additional allowanceof 36 hours resulted in a finished clear coating with full propertyvalues. The coating was tested in accordance with ASTM D3363 teststandards for hardness resulting in a clear coating with a hardness of4-5H. Additionally a standardized kinetic coefficient of friction testof ASTM D1894 resulted in test results indicating a 0.04 kineticcoefficient of friction, which exceeds that of PTFE based materials thatexhibit 0.05-0.08 kinetic coefficient of friction results. As such, aclear coating with a hardness of 4-5H and a kinetic coefficient offriction equal to 0.04 was formed.

Example 3—Clear Coat Formulation MX 8%

A clear coat silicon based coating formulation was made according to theformulation provided in Table 5. The base resin mixture of thisparticular clear coat was formed by mixing the A-, B- and C-Resins inthe amount listed below. The formulation was to be used to coat the faceof a metal surface.

TABLE 5 Clear Coat Silicon Based Coating MX 8% Composition INGREDIENTAMOUNT (w/w) 1. Base Resin Mixture A-Resin: 8% (w/w) B-Resin: 8% (w/w)C-Resin: 73% (w/w)  2. Solvent tert-Butyl Acetate CAS# 540-88-5 <12%(w/w)  High-purity Synthetic <12% (w/w)  Isoparaffin (Isopar ™-G) 3.Additives Matting Agents <2% (w/w)  Texturing Agents <2% (w/w)  Total =100% (w/w)     

To blend the ingredients and make 10 gallons of MX 8% coatingcomposition, the B-Resin and C-Resin needed to be blended togetherfirst. To blend these two resins, the B-Resin and C-Resin were agitatedprior to blending. After agitation, 8% by formula weight of 10 gallonsB-Resin, 73% by formula weight of 10 gallons C-Resin were weighed out,and then blended using a mix paddle for a few minutes to obtain auniform mixture. Since both the B- and C-Resin were very fluid innature, no extreme agitation was required.

The other ingredients were then weighed out: 8% by formula weight of 10gallons A-Resin, 11% by formula weight of 10 gallons tert-butyl acetate.The base resin mixture was first made by mixing 8% by formula weight of10 gallons A-resin with B- and C-Resin blend followed by adding thesolvent. When the ingredients were mixed into and within one mixture,the mixture was thoroughly mixed by stir paddle until a homogenous oruniform blend was formed. The stir paddle was rotated at about 500 rpm,and the mixing took approximately five (5) minutes. The finishedformulated resin system was then filtered through a 120 mesh paintfilter (U.S. standard sieve size, same below) such that there were noparticles or debris left within the coating mixture. This filtered resinsystem was then spray coated onto a glass panel. The coating had athickness of about 0.1 to 0.5 mil (1 mil=0.001 inches or 25.4 μm or25.4μ). The theoretical coverage of this formulation is 3000 sq/ft pergal for a thickness of 0.3 mil. Pre-conditioning of the substratesurface can be but not limited to dry, clean and contamination freesurface.

After application, the coating was allowed to ambient-cure at roomtemperature for 15 minutes, it then became dry to touch achievingapproximately 25% of cured film property values. An additional allowanceof 36 hours resulted in a finished clear coating with full propertyvalues. The coating was tested in accordance with ASTM D3363 teststandards for hardness resulting in a clear coating with a hardness of4-5H. Additionally a standardized kinetic coefficient of friction testof ASTM D1894 resulted in test results indicating a 0.04 kineticcoefficient of friction, which exceeds that of PTFE based materials thatexhibit 0.05-0.08 kinetic coefficient of friction results. As such, aclear coating with a hardness of 4-5H and a kinetic coefficient offriction equal to 0.04 was formed.

Example 4—Clear Coat Formulation MX 17%

A clear coat silicon based coating formulation was made according to theformulation provided in Table 6. The base resin mixture of thisparticular clear coat was formed by mixing the A-, B- and C-Resins inthe amount listed below. The formulation was to be used to coat the faceof a painted surface.

TABLE 6 Clear Coat Silicon Based Coating MX 17% Composition INGREDIENTAMOUNT (w/w) 1. Base Resin Mixture A-Resin: 17% (w/w) B-Resin: 7% (w/w)C-Resin: 72% (w/w) 2. Solvent tert-Butyl Acetate CAS# 540-88-5 <2% (w/w)High-purity Synthetic <2% (w/w) Isoparaffin (Isopar ™-G) 3. AdditivesMatting Agents <2% (w/w) Texturing Agents <2% (w/w) Total = 100% (w/w)

To blend the ingredients and make 10 gallons of MX 17% coatingcomposition, the B-Resin and C-Resin needed to be blended togetherfirst. To blend these two resins, the B-Resin and C-Resin were agitatedprior to blending. After agitation, 7% by formula weight of 10 gallonsB-Resin, 72% by formula weight of 10 gallons C-Resin were weighed out,and then blended using a mix paddle for a few minutes to obtain auniform mixture. Since both the B- and C-Resin were very fluid innature, no extreme agitation was required.

The other ingredients were then weighed out: 17% by formula weight of 10gallons A-Resin, and 1% by formula weight of 10 gallons NyloTex200(Micro Powders, Inc., Tarrytown, N.Y.). The NyloTex200 was added toadjust the slip resistance of the finished product when cured. The baseresin mixture was first made by mixing 17% by formula weight of 10gallons A-resin with B- and C-Resin blend followed by adding theadditive. When the ingredients were mixed into and within one mixture,the mixture was thoroughly mixed by stir paddle until a homogenous oruniform blend was formed. The stir paddle was rotated at about 500 rpm,and the mixing took approximately five (5) minutes. The finishedformulated resin system was then filtered through a 120 mesh paintfilter (U.S. standard sieve size, same below) such that there were noparticles or debris left within the coating mixture. This filtered resinsystem was then spray coated onto a glass panel. The coating had athickness of about 0.1 to 0.5 mil (1 mil=0.001 inches or 25.4 μm). Thetheoretical coverage of this formulation is 3000 sq/ft per gal for athickness of 0.3 mil. Pre-conditioning of the substrate surface can bebut not limited to dry, clean and contamination free surface.

After application, the coating was allowed to ambient-cure at roomtemperature for 15 minutes, it then became dry to touch achievingapproximately 25% of cured film property values. An additional allowanceof 36 hours resulted in a finished clear coating with full propertyvalues. The coating was tested in accordance with ASTM D3363 teststandards for hardness resulting in a clear coating with a hardness of4-5H. A coefficient of friction test is not warranted, as this is ananti-slip formulation, but overall coating remains easy to clean.

Example 5—Clear Coat Formulation MX 28%

A clear coat silicon based coating formulation was made according to theformulation provided in Table 4. The clear coat was formed by mixing theA- and C-Resins in the amount listed below. The formulation was to beused to coat over a glass top.

TABLE 7 Clear Coat Silicon Based Coating MX 28% Composition INGREDIENTAMOUNT (w/w) 1. Base Resin Mixture A-Resin: 28% (w/w) C-Resin: 10% (w/w)2. Solvent tert-Butyl Acetate CAS# 540-88-5 <49% (w/w) High-puritySynthetic Isoparaffin (Isopar ™-G) <14% (w/w) 3. Additives MattingAgents <2% (w/w) Texturing Agents <2% (w/w) Total = 100% (w/w)

To blend the ingredients and make 10 gallons of MX 28% coatingcomposition, each component was measured out to the appropriatepercentage of the formula needed to create the coating. Each ofingredients was pre-weighed: 28% by formula weight of 10 gallonsA-Resin, 10% by formula weight of 10 gallons C-Resin, 48% by formulaweight of 10 gallons tert-butyl acetate, 13% by formula weight of 10gallons Isopar-G (Exxon Comp. Houston, Tex.) and 1% by formula weight of10 gallons Micropro 600VF (Micro Powders, Inc., Tarrytown, N.Y.). TheMicropro 600VF was added to adjust the gloss factor of the finishedproduct when cured. The base resin mixture was first made by mixingA-Resin with C-Resin, followed by adding the solvents and the additive.When the ingredients were mixed into and within one mixture, the mixturewas thoroughly mixed by stir paddle until a homogenous or uniform blendwas formed. The stir paddle was rotated at about 500 rpm, and the mixingtook approximately five (5) minutes. The finished formulated resinsystem was then filtered through a 120 mesh paint filter (U.S. standardsieve size, same below) such that there were no particles or debris leftwithin the coating mixture. This filtered resin system was then spraycoated onto a glass panel. The coating had a thickness of about 0.2 to 1mil (1 mil=0.001 inches or 25.4 μm). The theoretical coverage of thisformulation is 2400 sq/ft per gal for a thickness of 1.0 mil.Pre-conditioning of the substrate surface can be but not limited to dry,clean and contamination free surface.

After application, the coating was allowed to ambient-cure at roomtemperature for 15 minutes, it then became dry to touch achievingapproximately 25% of cured film property values. An additional allowanceof 36 hours resulted in a finished clear coating with full propertyvalues. The coating was tested in accordance with ASTM D3363 teststandards for hardness resulting in a clear coating with a hardness of5-6H. Additionally a standardized kinetic coefficient of friction testof ASTM D1894 resulted in test results indicating a 0.04 kineticcoefficient of friction, which exceeds that of PTFE based materials thatexhibit 0.05-0.08 kinetic coefficient of friction results. As such, aclear coating with a hardness of 4-5H and a kinetic coefficient offriction equal to 0.04 was formed.

Example 6—Clear Coat Formulation MX 36%

A clear coat silicon based coating formulation was made according to theformulation provided in Table 8. The clear coat was formed by mixing theA- and C-Resins in the amount listed below. The formulation was to beused to coat over a glass top.

TABLE 8 Clear Coat Silicon Based Coating MX 36% Composition INGREDIENTAMOUNT (w/w) 1. Base Resin Mixture A-Resin: 36% (w/w) C-Resin: 28% (w/w)2. Solvent tert-Butyl Acetate CAS# 540-88-5 <32% (w/w) High-puritySynthetic Isoparaffin (Isopar-G) <8% (w/w) 3. Additives Matting Agents<2% (w/w) Texturing Agents <2% (w/w) Total = 100% (w/w)

To blend the ingredients and make 10 gallons of MX 36% coatingcomposition, each component was measured out to the appropriatepercentage of the formula needed to create the coating. Each ofingredients was pre-weighed: 36% by formula weight of 10 gallonsA-Resin, 28% by formula weight of 10 gallons C-Resin, 30% by formulaweight of 10 gallons tert-butyl acetate, and 6% by formula weight of 10gallons Isopar-G (Exxon Comp. Houston, Tex.). The base resin mixture wasfirst made by mixing A-Resin with C-Resin, followed by adding thesolvents and the additive. When the ingredients were mixed into andwithin one mixture, the mixture was thoroughly mixed by stir paddleuntil a homogenous or uniform blend was formed. The stir paddle wasrotated at about 500 rpm, and the mixing took approximately five (5)minutes. The finished formulated resin system was then filtered througha 120 mesh paint filter (U.S. standard sieve size, same below) such thatthere were no particles or debris left within the coating mixture. Thisfiltered resin system was then spray coated onto a glass panel. Thecoating had a thickness of about 0.2 to 1.0 mil (1 mil=0.001 inches or25.4 μm). The theoretical coverage of this formulation is 2200 sq/ft pergal for a thickness of 1 mil. Pre-conditioning of the substrate surfacecan be but not limited to dry, clean and contamination free surface.

After application, the coating was allowed to ambient-cure at roomtemperature for 15 minutes, it then became dry to touch achievingapproximately 25% of cured film property values. An additional allowanceof 36 hours resulted in a finished clear coating with full propertyvalues. The coating was tested in accordance with ASTM D3363 teststandards for hardness resulting in a clear coating with a hardness of5-6H. Additionally a standardized kinetic coefficient of friction testof ASTM D1894 resulted in test results indicating a 0.04 kineticcoefficient of friction, which exceeds that of PTFE based materials thatexhibit 0.05-0.08 kinetic coefficient of friction results. As such, aclear coating with a hardness of 4-5H and a kinetic coefficient offriction equal to 0.04 was formed.

Example 7—Clear Coat Formulation MX 40%

A clear coat silicon based coating formulation was made according to theformulation provided in Table 9. The clear coat was formed by mixing theA- and C-Resins in the amount listed below. The formulation was to beused to coat over a composite top.

TABLE 9 Clear Coat Silicon Based Coating MX 40% Composition INGREDIENTAMOUNT (w/w) 1. Base Resin Mixture A-Resin: 40% (w/w) C-Resin: 25% (w/w)2. Solvent tert-Butyl Acetate CAS# 540-88-5 <25% (w/w) High-puritySynthetic Isoparaffin (Isopar-G) <12% (w/w) 3. Additives Matting Agents<2% (w/w) Texturing Agents <2% (w/w) Total = 100% (w/w)

To blend the ingredients and make 10 gallons of MX 40% coatingcomposition, each component was measured out to the appropriatepercentage of the formula needed to create the coating. Each ofingredients was pre-weighed: 40% by formula weight of 10 gallonsA-Resin, 25% by formula weight of 10 gallons C-Resin, 24% by formulaweight of 10 gallons tert-butyl acetate, 10% by formula weight of 10gallons Isopar-G (Exxon Comp. Houston, Tex.) and 1% by formula weight of10 gallons Micropro 600VF (Micro Powders, Inc., Tarrytown, N.Y.). TheMicropro 600VF was added to adjust the gloss factor of the finishedproduct when cured. The base resin mixture was first made by mixingA-Resin with C-Resin, followed by adding the solvents and the additive.When the ingredients were mixed into and within one mixture, the mixturewas thoroughly mixed by stir paddle until a homogenous or uniform blendwas formed. The stir paddle was rotated at about 500 rpm, and the mixingtook approximately five (5) minutes. The finished formulated resinsystem was then filtered through a 120 mesh paint filter (U.S. standardsieve size, same below) such that there were no particles or debris leftwithin the coating mixture. This filtered resin system was then spraycoated onto a glass panel. The coating had a thickness of about 0.2 to1.0 mil (1 mil=0.001 inches or 25.4 μm). The theoretical coverage ofthis formulation is 2400 sq/ft per gal for a thickness of 1.0 mil.Pre-conditioning of the substrate surface can be but not limited to dry,clean and contamination free surface.

After application, the coating was allowed to ambient-cure at roomtemperature for 15 minutes, it then became dry to touch achievingapproximately 25% of cured film property values. An additional allowanceof 36 hours resulted in a finished clear coating with full propertyvalues. The coating was tested in accordance with ASTM D3363 teststandards for hardness resulting in a clear coating with a hardness of5-6H. Additionally a standardized kinetic coefficient of friction testof ASTM D1894 resulted in test results indicating a 0.04 kineticcoefficient of friction, which exceeds that of PTFE based materials thatexhibit 0.05-0.08 kinetic coefficient of friction results. As such, aclear coating with a hardness of 4-5H and a kinetic coefficient offriction equal to 0.04 was formed.

Example 8—Clear Coat Formulation MX 50%

A clear coat silicon based coating formulation was made according to theformulation provided in Table 10. The clear coat was formed by mixingthe A- and C-Resins in the amount listed below. The formulation was tobe used to coat over a gel coated surface.

TABLE 10 Clear Coat Silicon Based Coating MX 50% Composition AMOUNT(w/w) INGREDIENT Appx. 1. Base Resin Mixture A-Resin: 50% (w/w) C-Resin:25% (w/w) 2. Solvent tert-Butyl Acetate CAS# 540-88-5 <15% (w/w)High-purity Synthetic Isoparaffin (Isopar-G) <12% (w/w) 3. AdditivesMatting Agents <2% (w/w) Texturing Agents <2% (w/w) Total = 100% (w/w)

To blend the ingredients and make 10 gallons of MX 50% coatingcomposition, each component was measured out to the appropriatepercentage of the formula needed to create the coating. Each ofingredients was pre-weighed: 50% by formula weight of 10 gallonsA-Resin, 25% by formula weight of 10 gallons C-Resin, 14% by formulaweight of 10 gallons tert-butyl acetate, 10% by formula weight of 10gallons Isopar-G (Exxon Comp. Houston, Tex.) and 1% by formula weight of10 gallons Micropro 600VF (Micro Powders, Inc., Tarrytown, N.Y.). TheMicropro 600VF was added to adjust the gloss factor of the finishedproduct when cured. The base resin mixture was first made by mixingA-Resin with C-Resin, followed by adding the solvents and the additive.When the ingredients were mixed into and within one mixture, the mixturewas thoroughly mixed by stir paddle until a homogenous or uniform blendwas formed. The stir paddle was rotated at about 500 rpm, and the mixingtook approximately five (5) minutes. The finished formulated resinsystem was then filtered through a 120 mesh paint filter (U.S. standardsieve size, same below) such that there were no particles or debris leftwithin the coating mixture. This filtered resin system was then spraycoated onto a glass panel. The coating had a thickness of about 0.5 to1.0 mil (1 mil=0.001 inches or 25.4 μm). The theoretical coverage ofthis formulation is 2000 sq/ft per gal for a thickness of 1.0 mil.Pre-conditioning of the substrate surface can be but not limited to dry,clean and contamination free surface.

After application, the coating was allowed to ambient-cure at roomtemperature for 15 minutes, it then became dry to touch achievingapproximately 25% of cured film property values. An additional allowanceof 36 hours resulted in a finished clear coating with full propertyvalues. The coating was tested in accordance with ASTM D3363 teststandards for hardness resulting in a clear coating with a hardness of6-9H. Additionally a standardized kinetic coefficient of friction testof ASTM D1894 resulted in test results indicating a 0.03 kineticcoefficient of friction, which exceeds that of PTFE based materials thatexhibit 0.05-0.08 kinetic coefficient of friction results. As such, aclear coating with a hardness of 6-9H and a kinetic coefficient offriction equal to 0.03 was formed.

Example 9—Clear Coat Formulation MX 66%

A clear coat silicon based coating formulation was made according to theformulation provided in Table 11. The base resin mixture of thisparticular clear coat was formed by mixing the A-, B- and C-Resins inthe amount listed below. The formulation was to be used to coat over agel coated surface.

TABLE 11 Clear Coat Silicon Based Coating MX 66% Composition AMOUNT(w/w) INGREDIENT Appx. 1. Base Resin Mixture A-Resin: 66% (w/w) B-Resin:17% (w/w) C-Resin: 17% (w/w) 2. Solvent tert-Butyl Acetate CAS# 540-88-50% (w/w) High-purity Synthetic Isoparaffin (Isopar-G) 0% (w/w) 3.Additives Matting Agents <2% (w/w) Texturing Agents <2% (w/w) Total =100% (w/w)

To blend the ingredients and make 10 gallons of MX 66% coatingcomposition, the B-Resin and C-Resin needed to be blended togetherfirst. To blend these two resins, the B-Resin and C-Resin were agitatedprior to blending. After agitation, 16% by formula weight of 10 gallonsB-Resin, 16% by formula weight of 10 gallons C-Resin were weighed out,and then blended using a mix paddle for a few minutes to obtain auniform mixture. Since both the B- and C-Resin were very fluid innature, no extreme agitation was required.

The other ingredients were then weighed out: 66% by formula weight of 10gallons A-Resin. The base resin mixture was made by mixing 66% byformula weight of 10 gallons A-resin with B- and C-Resin blend. When theingredients were mixed into and within one mixture, the mixture wasthoroughly mixed by stir paddle until a homogenous or uniform blend wasformed. The stir paddle was rotated at about 500 rpm, and the mixingtook approximately five (5) minutes. The finished formulated resinsystem was then filtered through a 120 mesh paint filter (U.S. standardsieve size, same below) such that there were no particles or debris leftwithin the coating mixture. This filtered resin system was then spraycoated onto a glass panel. The coating had a thickness of about 0.75 to1.5 mil (1 mil=0.001 inches or 25.4 μm). The theoretical coverage ofthis formulation is 2000 sq/ft per gal for a thickness of 1.0 mil.Pre-conditioning of the substrate surface can be but not limited to dry,clean and contamination free surface.

After application, the coating was allowed to ambient-cure at roomtemperature for 15 minutes, it then became dry to touch achievingapproximately 25% of cured film property values. An additional allowanceof 36 hours resulted in a finished clear coating with full propertyvalues. The coating was tested in accordance with ASTM D3363 teststandards for hardness resulting in a clear coating with a hardness of4-5H. A coefficient of friction test is not warranted, as this is ananti-slip formulation, but overall coating remains easy to clean.

Example 10—Clear Coat Formulation MX 50-50 Solution

A clear coat silicon based coating formulation was made according to theformulation provided in Table 4. The clear coat was formed by mixing theB- and C-Resins in the amount listed below. The formulation was to beused to coat the face of a glass top.

TABLE 12 Clear Coat Silicon Based Coating MX 50-50 CompositionINGREDIENT AMOUNT (w/w) 1. Base Resin Mixture B-Resin: 50% (w/w)C-Resin: 50% (w/w) 2. Solvent tert-Butyl Acetate CAS# 540-88-5 0% (w/w)Total = 100% (w/w)

To blend the ingredients and make 10 gallons of MX 50-50 coatingcomposition, each component was measured out to the appropriatepercentage of the formula needed to create the coating. Each ofingredients was pre-weighed: 50% by formula weight of 10 gallons isB-Resin, 50% by formula weight of 10 gallons is C-Resin. The base resinmixture was first made by mixing B-Resin with C-Resin. When theingredients were mixed into and within one mixture, the mixture wasthoroughly mixed by stir paddle until a homogenous or uniform blend wasformed. The stir paddle was rotated at about 500 rpm, and the mixingtook approximately five (5) minutes. The finished formulated resinsystem was then filtered through a 120 mesh paint filter (U.S. standardsieve size, same below) such that there were no particles or debris leftwithin the coating mixture. This filtered resin system was then spraycoated onto a metal test panel. The applied coating had a thickness ofabout 0.01 to 0.05 mil (1 mil=0.001 inches or 25.4 μm). The theoreticalcoverage of this formulation is: 5000 sq/ft per gal for a thickness of0.03 mil. Pre-conditioning of the substrate surface can be but notlimited to: dry, clean, and contamination free surface.

After application, the coating was allowed to ambient-cure at roomtemperature for 15 minutes. It then became dry to touch and created afinished clear coating with full property values. The coating was thentested in accordance with ASTM D3363 test standards for hardnessresulting in a clear coating with a hardness of 2-4H. Additionally astandardized kinetic coefficient of friction test of ASTM D1894,resulting in test results indicated a 0.04 kinetic coefficient offriction, which exceeded that of PTFE based materials that exhibit0.05-0.08 kinetic coefficient of friction results.

What is claimed is:
 1. A silicon based coating formed from a mixture ofconstituents comprising: from about 5% (w/w of the mixture) to about 80%(w/w of the mixture) polysilazane, from about 0% (w/w of the mixture) toabout 60% (w/w of the mixture) polysiloxane, and from about 8% (w/w ofthe mixture) to about 80% (w/w of the mixture) polysilane of a formula(R₁R₂Si)_(n), wherein n is greater than 1, and wherein R₁ and R₂ are thesame or different and are chosen from alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl,alkylamino, aryl, aralkyl, or alkylsilyl, and wherein the polysilane hasa weight average molecular weight of more than 50,000; which coating hasa thickness ranging between about 0.1 mil and about 1.5 mil, a hardnessranging between about 2H and about 9H in accordance with ASTM 3363 forfilm hardness by pencil test, and a kinetic coefficient of frictionbetween about 0.03 and about 0.04.
 2. The silicon based coating of claim1, wherein the polysilazane is of a formula [H₂Si—NH]_(n), and whereinthe polysilazane is branched, linear or cyclic polymers, with n greaterthan
 1. 3. The silicon based coating of claim 1, comprising about 5%(w/w of the mixture) to about 60% (w/w of the mixture) polysiloxane. 4.The silicon based coating of claim 3, wherein the polysiloxane is of aformula [SiOR₁R₂]_(n), wherein R₁ and R₂ are the same or different andare chosen from alkyl, aromatic hydrocarbon, organoamine, fluorinatedhydrocarbon, alkoxy, mercapto, chloro, cyano, or allyl, and wherein n isgreater than
 1. 5. The silicon based coating of claim 4, wherein thepolysiloxane is of a formula CH₃[Si(CH₃)₂O]_(n)Si(CH₃)₃(polydimethylsiloxane), and wherein n is greater than
 1. 6. The siliconbased coating of claim 3, wherein the polysiloxane comprisespolydimethylsiloxane in isopropyl acetate solvent.
 7. The silicon basedcoating of claim 1, wherein both R₁ and R₂ are alkyl.
 8. The siliconbased coating of claim 7, wherein both R₁ and R₂ are methyl.
 9. Thesilicon based coating of claim 1, the mixture further comprising one ormore organic solvents.
 10. The silicon based coating of claim 9, whereinthe organic solvent includes acetic esters selected from the groupconsisting of methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, n-propyl acetate, isopropylacetate, ethylhexyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, tert-butyl acetate, amylacetate, pentyl acetate, 2-methyl butyl acetate, and isoamyl acetate.11. The silicon based coating of claim 10, wherein the organic solventfurther includes hydrocarbons selected from the group consisting ofhexane, heptane, benzene, toluene, and branched-chain alkanes(isoparaffins).
 12. The silicon based coating of claim 1, the mixturefurther comprising one or more additives.
 13. The silicon based coatingof claim 12, wherein the additive is chosen from pigments, mattingagents, fillers, flow control agents, dry flow additives, anticrateringagents, surfactants, texturing agents, light stabilizers,photosensitizers, wetting agents, anti-static agents, anti-oxidants,plasticizers, opacifiers, stabilizers, degassing agents, corrosioninhibitors, ceramic microspheres, slip agents, dispersing agents, andsurface altering additives.
 14. The silicon based coating of claim 1,the mixture further comprising a curing catalyst.
 15. The silicon basedcoating of claim 1, the mixture further comprising a curing hardener.16. The silicon based coating of claim 1, wherein the polysilazane is inn-butyl acetate or tert-butyl acetate solvent.
 17. The silicon basedcoating of claim 1, wherein the polysilane is in a mixture of pentylacetate, 2-methyl butyl acetate, isoamyl acetate and isoparaffinsolvent.
 18. The silicon based coating of claim 1, the mixturecomprising: a. 45% to 55% (w/w of the mixture) polysilazane; b. 20% to30% (w/w of the mixture) polysilane of a formula (R₁R₂Si)_(n), wherein nis greater than 1, and wherein R₁ and R₂ are the same or different andare chosen from alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, alkylamino, aryl, aralkyl,or alkylsilyl, and wherein the polysilane has a weight average molecularweight of more than 50,000; c. 10% to 45% (w/w of the mixture) organicsolvent; and d. 0% to 2% (w/w of the mixture) additives.
 19. The siliconbased coating of claim 1, which coating is non-ceramic.